By Lisa Schaeg, PNP
Children, as well as adults, can suffer from seasonal allergies. Symptoms are usually recognizable after 5-6 years of age, but they are not uncommon in toddlers who are experiencing their second annual pollen exposure. The most common symptoms are related to the eyes and nose. These include stuffy, runny or itchy nose, itchy throat and excessive tearing of the eyes. In rarer cases, children may have a cough as the only symptom.
Seasonal allergies are caused by plant life that release substances such as pollen into the air during certain months of the year. To reduce exposure to triggers, keep windows and doors closed in your home and car and limit outdoor activities when pollen counts are high. Minimizing exposure to pollens will minimize the degree of symptoms.
Anti-histamines are the mainstay of treatment for seasonal allergies. However, many antihistamines such as Benadryl can cause drowsiness. The second-generation anti-histamines like Claritin, Zyrtec and Allegra are effective without the complication of drowsiness. For these medications to be effective, they need to be started just before your child’s allergy season begins and then continued every day throughout the season. They will not work as well when used on an as needed basis.
Other medications for seasonal allergies include nasal steroids, anti-histamine eye drops and oral decongestants. Because both over the counter and prescription allergy medications can cause adverse reactions and side effects, talk with your health care provider before giving any of the medications.
If your child has symptoms that recur at the same time of the year (particularly during the spring and fall season), talk with your health care provider. Early identification of allergic problems in your child can improve the quality of life and decrease missed days at school. While most allergic problems are not life threatening, treating your child’s allergies can make your child happier and healthier.